do
auxiliary verb uk/də/ /du/ /duː/ us/də/ /du/ /duː/ did | done
(FOR QUESTIONS/NEGATIVES)
A1 （与另一动词连用构成疑问句和否定句，包括表示禁止的命令，有时因文体原因亦可用于肯定句）
used with another verb to form questions and negative sentences, including negative orders, and sometimes in affirmative sentences for reasons of style
Where do you work? 你在哪里上班？
Why did you do that? 你为什么那么做？
Why don't we have lunch together on Friday? 我们周五为什么不一起吃午饭呢？
Doesn't Matthew look old these days? 这些天马修是不是有些见老？
"Didn't you realize she was deaf?" "No I didn't."/"Of course I did." “你没发现她耳聋吗？”“没有。”／“当然发现了。”
Not only did I speak to her, I even got her autograph! 我不仅和她说了话，而且还得到了她的亲笔签名。
formal Never did I hear such a terrible noise. 我从没听到过如此可怕的噪音。
Don't (you) speak to me like that! （你）别和我这样说话！
UK Don't let's argue about it (= let's not argue about it). 这件事我们不要再争了。
formal So quietly did she speak (= she spoke so quietly) that I could scarcely hear her. 她说话的声音太小，我几乎听不到。
Little does he know (= he knows nothing about it), but we're flying to Geneva next weekend to celebrate his birthday. 他还不知道呢，下周末我们要飞往日内瓦去给他庆祝生日。
"I want two chocolate bars and an ice cream." "Do you now/indeed? (= that is surprising or unreasonable)." “我要两个巧克力棒和一份冰激凌。”“你现在就要／真的要吗？”
A2 （在用来确认信息的疑问句中代替主要动词）
used instead of the main verb in questions that are added to the end of a sentence to check information
You met him at our party, didn't you? 晚餐会上你和他见过面，对不对？
You don't understand the question, do you? 你没理解这个问题，是吗？
（在表示惊奇的疑问句中代替主要动词）
used instead of the main verb in questions that are added to the end of a sentence as a way of expressing surprise
So Susannah and May finally got married, did they? 苏珊娜和梅终于结婚了，是吗？
- More examples
- What sort of music do you like dancing to?
- "And where do you think you're going?" demanded the police officer.
- Please don't disturb Georgina when she's working.
- How much do you earn, if you don't mind me asking?
- Parking restrictions do not extend to disabled people.
(TO AVOID REPEATING)
B1 （用于避免动词或动词短语的重复）
used to avoid repeating a verb or verb phrase
She runs much faster than he does. 她跑得比他快多了。
Maria looks much healthier than she did. 玛丽亚看起来比过去健康了许多。
"I don't like intense heat." "Neither/Nor do I." “我不喜欢酷热的天气。”“我也是。”
"I hate intense heat." "So do I." “我讨厌炎热的天气。”“我也是。”
"You left your umbrella." "So I did. I'm so forgetful these days." “你忘了拿雨伞。”“还真是，这些天我有些健忘。”
UK "Would you mind tidying up the kitchen?" "I already have done." “你介意收拾一下厨房吗？”“我已经收拾过了。”
"May I join you?" "Please do!" “我可以加入你们吗？”“请吧！”
"Who said that?" "I did." “谁说的？”“我。”
"Tilly speaks fluent Japanese." "Does she really?" “蒂丽日语说得很流利。”“真的吗？”
"I thought I'd take a day off school today." "Oh no you don't (= I'm not going to let you do that)!" “我本想今天请一天假不上学了。”“哦，那可不行！”
- More examples
- I'm all for sexual equality, but I don't want my wife earning more than I do.
- The government has failed to raise educational standards, despite its promise to do so.
- Please don't get involved with him. You'll regret it if you do.
- Don't mix up the bottles - you'll have to repeat the experiment if you do.
- On average, people who don't smoke are healthier than people who do.
(FOR EMPHASIS)
B2 [ + infinitive without to ]（用于强调主要动词）
used to give extra force to the main verb
"Can I buy stamps here?" "Well, we do sell them, but we don't have any at the moment." “我能在这儿买些邮票吗？”“我们这里确实卖邮票，但现在没货。”
UK Do shut up, Georgia, and get on with your homework. 赶快闭嘴吧，乔治娅，赶紧写作业吧。
UK Do write and let me know how you're getting on. 务必写信告诉我你的情况。
UK He cooks a lot does Alex. He does far more than me. 亚历克斯常做饭，他比我做的次数多得多。
- More examples
- Although I cherish my children, I do allow them their independence.
- I do like her - after all, she is my sister.
- If you see James, do convey my apologies to him.
- Oh darling, I do love you.
- If ever you're in Cambridge, do give me a ring.
do
verb uk/də/ /du/ /duː/ us/də/ /du/ /duː/ did | done
(PERFORM)
A1 [ T ]做；履行；执行
to perform, take part in, or achieve something
That was a really stupid thing to do. 那么做真是太愚蠢了。
What are you doing over the weekend? 这周末你准备干什么？
The only thing we can do now is wait and see what happens. 我们现在唯一能做的就是坐观事态发展。
UK Why were you sent to see the headmaster? What have you done now? 为什么让你去见校长？你又干了什么事？
US Why were you sent to the principal's office? What did you do now? 为什么让你去见校长？你又干了什么事？
You should be able to do it by yourself/on your own. 你自己应该能做到。
UK What have you done (= made happen) to her? 你对她都做了些什么？
US What did you do (= make happen) to her? 你对她都做了些什么？
What (on earth) were you doing in the library (= why were you there) at two o'clock in the morning? 凌晨两点钟你（到底）在图书馆做什么？
What are these toys doing here? (= Why are they here?) 这些玩具放在这里做什么？
What do you do (for a living)? (= What is your job?) 你做什么工作？
What can I do for you? (= How can I help you?) 我能为您做些什么？
UK What have you done with (= where have you put) my coat? 你把我的外套弄哪儿去了?
US What did you do with (= where did you put) my coat? 你把我的外套弄哪儿去了?
She just hasn't known what to do with herself (= how to keep herself busy) since she retired. 自从退休以后，她一直都不知道该干些什么。
do something about something 对…采取行动
to take action to deal with something
It's a global problem - what can individuals do about it? 这是全球性的问题——个人能为此做些什么？
do well/badly by someoneformal 对…招待周全／不周
to treat someone well or badly
- More examples
- The work that the students do during the year will count towards their final degrees.
- My boss wants me to do a day-release course in computing.
- She has to do a lot of driving in her job.
- They've always encouraged me in everything I've wanted to do.
- I do a few stretches every morning to loosen up before I run.
(ACT)
[ I or T ]行动，采取行动
to act or take action
Stop arguing with me, Daryl, and do as you're told! 别再和我争辩了，达里尔，让你干什么你就干什么！
She told me not to ask any questions, just to do as she did. 她让我不要问任何问题，只管像她那样去干就行了。
"Was it wrong of me to go to the police?" "Oh no, I'm sure you did right/did the right thing." “我去找警察不对吗？”“哦，不，我肯定你干的没错。”
You'd do well to take some professional advice on this matter. 在这件事上听听专业人士的意见会大有裨益。
- More examples
- Should the government do more to help young couples buy their own homes?
- I wish you'd do something about your bedroom - it's a real mess.
- He would never do anything to endanger the lives of his children.
- Just do whatever you think fit - I'm sure you'll make the right decision.
- I'm not happy with the situation but, you know, there isn't much I can do about it.
(CONNECTED)
to do withB2 与…相关
connected with
"Why did you want to talk to me?" "Well, it's to do with a complaint that's been made about your work." “为什么你要跟我谈话？”“因为这涉及到一起对你工作的投诉。”
"But I didn't have any money." "What does that have to do with it? You still shouldn't have taken my wallet without asking me." “可是我没有钱了。”“那和这件事有什么关系？你还是不应该不打招呼就把我的钱包拿走呀。”
She refused to have anything (more) to do with him after he was arrested for drinking and driving. 自从他因酒后驾车被捕后，她就拒绝与他（再）有任何联系。
"I thought I should tell you I saw your son smoking today." "Mind your own business! What my son does has nothing to do with you!" 我今天看见你儿子抽烟了，我觉得应该把这件事告诉你。”“你还是管好自己的事吧！我儿子做什么和你一点关系都没有！”
(DEAL WITH)
A1 [ T ]处理；对…负责
to deal with or be responsible for something
Lucia is going to do the publicity for the school play. 露西娅将负责这部校园剧的宣传工作。
If they ask any awkward questions, just let me do the talking. 一旦他们提出棘手的问题，就让我来负责回答。
- More examples
- I find it convenient to be able to do my banking by phone.
- I've got enough work to do at the moment, without being given any more.
- Why should I have to do all the cleaning? It's not fair!
- "I'll do the cooking, " he offered.
- It's a big garden, but we do all the gardening ourselves .
(STUDY)
A1 [ T ] UK研究，学习，读（专业）
to study a subject
Diane did anthropology at university. 黛安娜在大学读的是人类学。
- More examples
- "What degree did you do at York?" "Geography."
- Tim did a three-year course in linguistics at Newcastle.
- She did English literature at St Andrews before going abroad to teach.
- Richard did engineering at Manchester University.
- This problem should be easy enough for someone who's done physics at A level.
(SOLVE)
[ T ]解决;解答;回答
to solve or find the answer to something
to do a puzzle 玩智力游戏
I've never been able to do crosswords. 我从来不会玩填字游戏。
- More examples
- I do the Times crossword every morning.
- When you finish doing the crossword, the solution is on the back page.
- We spent all evening doing a 1000-piece jigsaw.
- It rained for the entire holiday so they just stayed in and did jigsaws all week.
- I remember how much I hated doing sums when I was at school.
(MAKE)
A2 [ T ]制作，生产，创作
to make, produce, or create something
I can't go out tonight - I've got to do my history paper. 今晚我不能出去——我得把历史课的论文写出来。
[ + two objects ] UK Can you do me 20 photocopies of this report/do 20 photocopies of this report for me? 你能把这份报告给我复印20份吗？
- More examples
- He's upstairs doing his homework, believe it or not.
- I've been doing some research on our family history and I've dug up some interesting information.
- Please don't disturb Georgina - she's trying to do her homework.
- In our third year at college everyone had to do a special project.
- He's done some lovely watercolours.
(FINISH)
[ I ] UK结束，完成
If you say that you have done with something or someone, or have done performing a particular action, you mean that you have finished what you were doing with something or someone, or what you were saying to someone, or that you have finished the action.
Have you done with those scissors yet? 你用完剪刀了吗？
Where are you going? I haven't done with you yet (= I am still talking to you). 你去哪儿？我跟你还没说完呢。
[ + -ing verb ] I haven't done talking to you yet. 我跟你还没说完呢。
(CLEAN/MAKE TIDY)
B1 [ I or T ]打扫，清洁;整理;装饰
to clean something, or make something look neat and attractive
I cooked the dinner so you can do (= wash) the dishes. 我做了晚饭，所以你来洗碗吧。
do your hair/make-up/nails 做头发／化妆／修指甲
UK I want to do (= clean) the living room this afternoon. 今天下午我要打扫一下客厅。
- More examples
- I'll do your washing for you this time, but I'm not going to make a practice of it.
- Have you done the dishes?
- I like the way you've had your hair done.
- "I'll do the kitchen if you clean the car." "OK, it's a bargain."
- Just put the dirty dishes in the washing-up bowl, and I'll do them later.
(ARRANGE)
[ T ] mainly UK安排，排列，安放
to arrange something
You've done those flowers beautifully. 你把那些花儿插得真漂亮。
Can anyone here do (= tie) bow-ties? 这里有人会打领结吗？
- More examples
- Where did you have your hair done?
- Give me a couple of minutes while I do my hair.
- Who did the flowers for the wedding? They're beautiful!
- Now come on, you're old enough to do your own shoelaces, Carlo.
- Who did your tie for you? It's not straight.
(TRAVEL)
[ T ]行进过（一段路程）；以…速度行进
to travel a particular distance or to travel at a particular speed
It's an old car and it's done over 80,000 miles. 这是一辆旧车，已经跑了8万多英里。
My new car does 50 miles to the gallon (= uses one gallon of fuel to travel 50 miles) 我的新车1加仑汽油能跑50英里。
He was caught doing 80 miles an hour. 他以每小時80英里的速度行驶，被抓住了。
[ T ]完成（一段旅程）
to complete a journey
We did the journey to Boston in five hours. 我们用5小时走完了到波士顿的路程。
- More examples
- My car only does about 60 mph, even when it's going flat out.
- We were doing 90mph, so that other car that passed us must have been really travelling!
(BE ACCEPTABLE)
C1 [ I or T ] mainly UK可以接受；适合；够用
to be acceptable, suitable, or enough
Will this room do or would you prefer one with a shower? 这个房间行吗？还是你想要个带淋浴的房间？
This kind of behaviour just won't do. 这种行为根本不能接受。
[ + to infinitive ] It doesn't do to criticize your parents. 不可以批评父母。
I don't have any grapefruit juice, but I've got some orange juice. Will that do (you)? 我没有葡萄柚汁，但有一些橙汁。（你）要吗？
"Is that enough potato, or would you like some more?" "That'll do (= be enough for) me, thanks." “那些土豆够吗?你还要吗？”“我要那些就够了，谢谢。”
- More examples
- Have you got any ID? A driving licence or cheque card will do.
- You don't need to dress up just to go to the pub - jeans and a T-shirt will do.
- "Would you like the metal or plastic one?" "Either will do."
- "More peas?" "No, that'll do, thank you."
- That'll do nicely, thank you.
(CAUSE TO HAVE)
[ T ]提供;销售;供给
to provide or sell something, or to cause someone to have something
They are doing a special offer - three for the price of two. 现在他们正在搞特价优惠，花两件的价钱可以买三件。
Do you do travel insurance as well as flights? 除了飞行以外你们提供旅游保险吗？
The bar only does food at lunchtimes, not in the evenings. 这家酒馆只在午饭时提供食物，晚饭时没有。
- More examples
- They do really good food at that restaurant and it's not very expensive either.
- They do really good grub in our local.
- The shop round the corner does shoe repairs very cheaply.
- The restaurant does a set lunch on Sundays.
- They're doing a great deal on wine at the local supermarket.
(COOK)
[ T ]做（饭），烹制，准备（食物）
to cook or prepare food
Who's doing the food for your party? 谁为你的聚会准备食品？
[ + two objects ] UK I'll do you some scrambled eggs. 我来给你做点炒鸡蛋。
- More examples
- I was thinking of doing a meal along the lines of that dinner I did for Annie and Dave.
- I did mostly vegetarian food but put a couple of meat dishes out for the carnivores.
- The fish was done to perfection.
- I've just bought a deep-fat fryer for doing chips.
- I did the dinner so you can do the dishes.
(MANAGE)
B1 [ I usually + adverb ]进展；继续保持；设法做到
to develop or continue with the stated amount of success
How is Mary doing in her new job/school? 玛丽在新的工作岗位上干得／在新学校里学得怎么样？
Both the new mother and her baby are doing very well. 产妇和新生儿目前都状况良好。
Are your roses doing all right this year? 今年你的玫瑰长得好吗？
Many small businesses are doing badly because of the economic situation. 由于目前的经济形势，很多小企业都处于惨淡经营的状态。
I did pretty well when I traded in my car - they gave me a good price for it. 我折旧贴换新车的交易很划算——他们给我的旧车出了个好价钱。
Alexa has done well for herself (= has achieved great personal success), getting such a highly paid job. 亚历克莎得到这样一份高薪的工作，干得真不错。
Synonym: manage (SUCCEED)
- More examples
- I wouldn't say she's rich, but she's doing all right.
- You're doing really well - don't lose heart now.
- I was doing really well with my diet, but I'm afraid I've let it slide recently.
- The whole nation was force-fed government propaganda about how well the country was doing.
- They're doing fantastically well this season.
(PLAY)
[ T ]演出;扮演
to perform a play or to play the part of a character
The children are doing a play at the end of term. 期末孩子们要演一出剧。
She's done all the important Shakespearean roles except for Lady Macbeth. 她扮演过莎士比亚戏剧中除麦克白夫人以外的所有重要角色。
I hope she doesn't do a Helen (= do what Helen did) and get divorced six months after her wedding. 我希望她不要像海伦那样结婚6个月就离婚。
(VISIT)
[ T ] informal参观，游览
to visit the interesting places in a town or country, or to look around an interesting place
We didn't get to do Nice when we were in France. 我们在法国时没能去尼斯游览。
(STEAL)
[ T ] UK informal（入室）盗窃，偷盗
to enter a building illegally and steal from it
Our house was done while we were away. 我们外出时家中失窃了。
(CHEAT)
[ T ] UK informal欺骗，欺诈;骗取
to cheat someone
$50 for that old bike! You've been done! 那辆旧自行车花了50美元！你上当了！
He did me for a thousand quid for that car. 他那辆汽车骗了我1000英镑。
(PRISON)
[ T ] informal服刑，坐牢
to spend time in prison
He did three years for his part in the robbery. 他因参与抢劫坐了3年牢。
If you're not careful you'll end up doing time again. 如果不小心你还会再进监狱。
(PUNISH)
[ T ] mainly UK informal惩罚，处罚
to punish someone
If you mess with me again, I'll do you good and proper. 你如果再跟我捣乱，我可要好好治治你了。
I got done (= stopped by the police) for speeding on my way home last night. 昨晚回家时，我超速驾驶被警察截住了。
(TAKE DRUG)
[ T ] informal服用（毒品），吸（毒）
to take an illegal drug
How long have you been doing heroin? 你服用海洛因有多久了？
I don't do drugs. 我不吸毒。
(HAPPEN)
be doingUK informal 发生
to be happening
This town is so boring in the evening - there's never anything doing. 晚上这座城镇很无聊——从来都没有什么事情发生。
Idioms
can't be doing with somethingidiom UK informal 无法忍受，不能容忍;对…没有耐心
to be unable to bear something, or to have no patience with it
I can't be doing with all this shouting and screaming. 我受不了这样又喊又叫。
do as you would be done byidiom UK saying 己所不欲，勿施于人。
said to show that you believe in treating others as you would like them to treat you
do itidiom informal 发生性关系，做爱
to have sex
do something, nothing, etc. for/to someoneidiom informal 对／不对…有正面影响；为／不为…所喜爱
to (not) have a strong and positive effect on someone, or to (not) be something that someone likes or enjoys
Watching that movie really did something to me. 看了那部电影我还真的有些收获。
Chopin has never really done it/anything for me. 肖邦从来没有对我产生过什么影响。
that does it!idiom 太不像话了！
said when someone or something goes further than the limit of what is acceptable
That does it! I will not tolerate that kind of behaviour in this class. 太不像话了！我不能容忍班里出现这样的行为。
that will never do!idiom old-fashioned 绝对不行！
used to say that a situation is wrong and unacceptable
"The dinner was excellent except that they served red wine with the chicken." "Dear me! That will never do!" “晚餐很棒，只是不该用红酒配鸡肉。”“天啊！那怎么行啊！”
that'll do!idiom UK 够了！行了！
used to tell someone to stop behaving badly
That'll do, Timothy! Please just sit down and keep quiet. 够了，蒂莫西！请坐下别说话。
that's done it!idiom UK informal (US that did it!) 这可糟了！
said when someone or something has caused damage or a difficulty
"That's done it!" said Anna as she looked at the damage. "Now I really will have to get a new car." “这可糟了！”安娜看着损坏的地方说，“看来我真得买辆新汽车了。”
what's done is doneidiom saying 事已至此。
said when you cannot change something that has already happened
Phrasal verbs More phrasal verbs
do away with somethingC1 摆脱，抛弃;废除
to get rid of something or stop using something
These ridiculous rules and regulations should have been done away with years ago. 这些荒唐的规章制度几年前就该废除了。
Computerization has enabled us to do away with a lot of paperwork. 计算机的广泛应用让我们摆脱了很多文书工作。
How could they do away with a beautiful old building like that and put a car park there instead? 他们怎么能拆掉一座那样漂亮的老建筑去修建停车场呢？
do away with someone 干掉，杀死
to murder someone
do someone down UK羞辱;贬低
to criticize someone in order to make them feel ashamed or to make other people lose respect
She felt that everyone in the meeting was trying to do her down. 她觉得会上每一个人都在试图羞辱她。
Stop doing yourself down. 别再贬低你自己了。
do for someone/something 严重损坏；严重伤害；杀死
to seriously damage something, or to seriously hurt or kill someone
Driving on those rough roads has really done for my car. 在那种崎岖的路上行驶对我的汽车磨损很严重。
do someone in slang袭击;干掉，杀死
to kill someone
They threatened to do me in if I didn't pay up by Friday. 他们威胁说如果我周五之前不还钱就要杀了我。
informal使…极劳累，使…极疲惫
to make someone extremely tired
Playing basketball all day really did me in. 打了一整天曲棍球真把我给累坏了。
do yourself in 自杀
to kill yourself
She threatened to do herself in when her husband ran off with her best friend. 丈夫和她最好的朋友跑了，她扬言说自己不想活了。
do something out UK装饰，装点，布置
to decorate something
They did the room out with balloons and streamers ready for the party. 他们为了聚会把房间用气球和彩带装饰起来。
We've had the bathroom done out in pale yellow. 我们让人把卫生间刷成了浅黄色。
do someone out of something （尤指以不诚实或不公正的手段）使…蒙受损失;骗取，骗走
to stop someone from getting or keeping something, especially in a dishonest or unfair way
Pensioners have been done out of millions of pounds as a result of the changes. 这些变化使领取养老金者损失了数百万英镑。
do someone over 猛烈攻击，狠揍
to attack someone violently
They said they'd do me over if I refused to drive the getaway car. 他们说如果我拒绝开车带他们逃走，他们就要狠揍我一顿。
do something over 重做，返工
to do something again because you did not do it well the first time
The teacher told him to do the assignment over. 老师让他重做一遍作业。
do (something) up UK系牢，系紧
to fasten something or become fastened
Can you help me to do up my dress? 你能帮我把衣服扣上吗？
Do your shoes/laces up before you trip over. 把鞋带系好，免得绊倒。
These trousers must have shrunk - I can't do them up. 这条裤子一定是缩水了——我都拉不上拉链了。
These trousers won't do up. 这条裤子为什么拉不上？
Opposite: undo (UNFASTEN)
do something upB2 整修;装修，装饰
to repair or decorate a building so that it looks attractive
I'd like to buy a run-down house and do it up. 我想买一个破旧的小屋自己装修一下。
UK包装，包裹
to wrap something in paper
She always does her presents up beautifully in gold and silver paper. 她总是用金银纸把礼物包装得非常精美。
do without (something)B2 凑合，应付，将就
to manage without having something
There's no mayonnaise left, so you'll just have to do without. 蛋黄酱用完了，恐怕你只得将就着不用它了。
Thank you, Kate, we can do without language like that (= we don't want to hear your offensive language). 谢谢你，凯特，其实用不着跟我们那样说话。
do
noun [ C ] uk/duː/ us/duː/ dos
(TREATMENT)
UK informal对待，待人
a way of treating people
There are no special privileges for the managers - we believe in fair dos all round (= equal treatment for everyone) in this company. 经理没有任何特权——在这家公司里我们讲究人人平等。
It's a poor do (= a bad/unfair situation) when a so-called developed country can't even provide homes for all its citizens. 一个所谓的发达国家竟然无法为所有国民提供住所，这太糟糕了。
(PARTY)
mainly UK informal聚会，社交活动
a party or other social event
Colin's having a bit of a do for his 50th birthday. 科林过50岁生日的时候要办个小聚会。
It was one of those dos where nobody really knew each other. 那是一次来宾们相互都不认识的社交活动。
(HAIR)
US（同hairdo）
a hairdo old-fashioned