grind
verb [ T ] uk/ɡraɪnd/ us/ɡraɪnd/ ground | ground
(MAKE SMALLER)
碾碎，磨碎，把…磨成粉
to make something into small pieces or a powder by pressing between hard surfaces
to grind coffee 磨咖啡豆
Shall I grind a little black pepper over your salad? 要不要我磨一点黑胡椒粉给你撒在色拉上？
They grind the grain into flour (= make flour by crushing grain) between two large stones. 他们把谷子放在两块大石头之间磨成粉。
(RUB)
磨，把…磨锋利，把…磨光
to rub something against a hard surface, in order to make it sharper or smoother
She has a set of chef's knives that she grinds every week. 她有一套厨房用刀具，每个星期都磨一次。
He ground down the sharp metal edges to make them smooth. 他把尖利的金属边缘打磨平。
The car engine was making a strange grinding noise. 汽车发动机发出一种奇怪的摩擦声音。
See also: grindstone
grind your teeth 把牙齿咬得嘎嘎响;出声地磨牙
to make a noise by rubbing your teeth together
She grinds her teeth in her sleep. 她睡觉磨牙。
She was so angry she ended up grinding her teeth and giving herself a sore jaw.
My dentist has given me a mouthguard to stop me grinding my teeth in my sleep.
The hygienist said he'd been grinding his teeth.
When you grind your teeth it wears down the enamel.
Idioms
grind the faces of the pooridiom UK literary 欺压平民，搜刮民财
Someone who grinds the faces of the poor, treats poor people very badly, often to get money from them.
grind to a halt/standstillidiom 慢慢停下来，逐渐陷入停顿
to stop slowly
The car ground to a halt right in the middle of the street. 汽车慢慢停在马路正中间。
figurative If we don't do something soon, the industry could grind to a halt (= stop operating). 如果我们不马上采取措施，行业可能会陷入瘫痪。
Phrasal verbs
grind someone down 长期欺压（某人）;长时间虐待（某人）（使其失去反抗能力）
to treat someone so badly for such a long time that they are no longer able to fight back
Ground down by years of abuse, she did not have the confidence to leave him. 多年来所受的虐待已经使她丧失了逃离他魔爪的信心。
grind something into something 将…用力挤压进…
to press something hard into something else using a twisting movement
Sara angrily ground her cigarette into the ashtray. 萨拉愤怒地把手中的香烟按在烟灰缸里捻灭。
grind something out 重复地做，不断重复制造（尤指令人厌烦的事物）
to produce the same thing, especially a boring thing, again and again
The band ground out the same tunes it had been playing for 20 years. 这个管弦乐队演奏的曲子是它过去20年一直重复演奏的那老一套。
grind
noun uk/ɡraɪnd/ us/ɡraɪnd/
(WORK)
[ S ] informal令人厌倦的苦事，苦差事
a difficult or boring activity that needs a lot of effort
Having to type up my handwritten work was a real grind. 还得把手写的作业打出来，这让我叫苦不迭。
The daily grind of taking care of three children was wearing her down. 每天照顾3个孩子，这个苦差事把她快累垮了。
[ C ] US disapproving, informal只会读书的无趣之人，书呆子
a boring person who studies all the time and does nothing else