penalize
verb [ T ] (UK usually penalise) uk/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/ us/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/
(CAUSE DISADVANTAGE)
使处于不利地位
to cause someone a disadvantage
The present tax system penalizes poor people. 现行税收制度对穷人不利。
The system should ensure that borrowers are not penalized by sudden rises in mortgage rates. 该计划应确保借款者不会因按揭贷款利率突然提高而陷入困境。
(PUNISH)
（因犯规）处罚，惩罚
to punish someone for breaking a rule
He was penalized early in the game for uunsportsmanlike conduct. 他在比赛开始不久因危险动作而受到处罚。