on
preposition uk/ɒn/ us/ɑːn/
(ABOVE)
A1 在…上面；到…上面
used to show that something is in a position above something else and touching it, or that something is moving into such a position
Look at all the books on your desk! 看看你书桌上这么多书！
Ow, you're standing on my foot! 哎哟，你踩着我的脚了！
Your suitcase is on top of the wardrobe. 你的手提箱在衣柜顶上。
They live in that old house on the hill. 他们住在山上的那间旧房子里。
I got on my bike and left. 我骑上自行车离开了。
- More examples
- A hovercraft travels on a cushion of air.
- Don't put your elbows on the table.
- Your dinner is on the table.
- The oil tanker ran aground on a mud bank in thick fog.
- They've built a new church on the site of the old one.
(CONNECTED)
A1 在…上；连上的
covering the surface of, being held by, or connected to something
There's blood on your shirt. 你的衬衫上沾了血。
Which finger do you wear your ring on? 你把戒指戴在哪个手指上？
Can you stand on your head? 你会倒立吗？
We could hang this picture on the wall next to the door. 我们可以把这幅画挂在门旁边的墙上。
Dogs should be kept on their leashes at all times. 狗应该一直用皮带拴着。
UK We've just moved house and we're not on the phone (= not connected to the phone service) yet. 我们刚搬了家，还没有接通电话。
- More examples
- We get a lot of condensation on the walls in the winter.
- The article continues/is continued on page ten.
- There's a new Italian restaurant opening on the high street.
- She gave him a hit on the head that knocked him flying.
- We stayed in/at a hotel on the seafront.
(TIME)
A1 （发生）在…时候
used to show when something happens
Hair salons don't usually open on Sundays. 发廊通常星期天不开门。
What are you doing on Friday? 星期五你要干什么？
My birthday's on 30 May. 我的生日是5月30日。
Would you mind telling me what you were doing on the afternoon of Friday the 13th of March? 能否告诉我3月13日星期五下午你在干什么？
The bells in the clock tower ring every hour on the hour (= at exactly one o'clock, two o'clock, etc.). 钟楼上的钟每小时整点敲响。
On a clear day you can see the mountains from here. 在晴天，从这儿可以看到那些山峦。
She was dead on arrival (= dead when she arrived) at the hospital. 她刚到医院就死了。
Please leave your key at the reception desk on your departure from (= when you leave) the hotel. 离开酒店时请把钥匙交到服务台。
- More examples
- They're driving to Scotland on Tuesday.
- Private cars are banned from the city on alternate days.
- Please make my excuses at the meeting on Friday.
- We're going on a shopping expedition on Saturday.
- We've fallen into the habit of getting up late on Saturday mornings.
(WRITING)
A2 （写、印或画）在…上
used to show where something has been written, printed, or drawn
Which page is that curry recipe on? 那道咖喱菜的做法在第几页？
His initials were engraved on the back of his watch. 他姓名的首字母刻在了他手表的后盖上。
What's on the menu tonight? (= What food is available?) 今晚菜单上有什么菜？
- More examples
- It says on the label that no preservatives or artificial colourings have been added.
- Do you recognize the writing on the envelope?
- This morning's newspapers all carry the same story on their front page.
- He carved her name on a tree.
- See the article on page 4 for more details.
(TRAVEL)
A2 乘，上（车等）
used for showing some methods of travelling
I love travelling on trains. 我喜欢乘火车旅行。
She's coming in on the 5.30 bus. 她将乘坐5点30分的公共汽车到达。
We went to France on the ferry. 我们是乘渡轮去法国的。
It'd be quicker to get there on foot. 步行到那里更快些。
two figures on horseback 马背上的两个身影
- More examples
- We're going across to France on the ferry.
- We fell asleep on the train and woke up to find ourselves in Calais.
- The railcard allows students and young people to travel half-price on most trains.
- I'll collect you from the station. Which bus will you be on?
- The crowd were surrounded by police on horseback.
(PROCESS)
处于…状况（或过程）中
used to show that a condition or process is being experienced
He accidentally set his bed on fire. 他无意中烧着了自己的床。
Max's on holiday this week. 马丁这星期在度假。
I often get carsick when I'm on a long journey. 长途旅行时我常晕车。
Crime is on the increase (= is increasing) again. 犯罪活动又开始抬头了。
UK Their flights to Paris are on special offer at the moment. 他们飞往巴黎的航班目前正在打折。
UK I'll be away on a training course next week. 下星期我要外出参加一个培训班。
- More examples
- Sophia fell ill/was taken ill while on holiday.
- There are few indications (that) the economy is on an upswing.
- We won't be going on holiday this year - lack of funds, I'm afraid.
- The Titanic sank on her maiden voyage.
- He often goes away on business.
(RECORDING)
A2 （记录、录制或演出）以…方式，通过，使用
used to show the form in which something is recorded or performed
How much data can you store on the flash drive? 一张闪存盘上能存储多少数据？
When's the movie coming out on DVD? 这部电影的DVD什么时候出？
I was really embarrassed the first time I saw myself on film. 第一次看到自己上电影时，我觉得很尴尬。
What's on TV tonight? 今晚电视有什么节目？
I wish there was more jazz on the radio. 我希望收音机里多播放一些爵士乐。
- More examples
- The whole car can be modelled on a computer before a single component is made.
- He was clattering away on his old typewriter.
- She comes across really well on television.
- Some software can be configured to prevent children from giving out their phone numbers on the internet.
- Sound and pictures can be stored digitally, as on a CD.
(PAIN)
B2 在…上（受伤或碰伤）
used to show what causes pain or injury as a result of being touched
I hit my head on the shelf as I was standing up. 我站起来的时候，头撞在架子上。
Be careful not to cut yourself on that knife. 小心不要被那把刀划伤。
- More examples
- She banged her knee on the edge of the desk.
- He smashed his elbow on the door.
- He scraped his hands on the pavement when he fell off his bike.
- The chef burned himself on the oven.
- She pricked her finger on the needle.
(TO)
A2 在；向，朝，对
to or towards
Our house is the first on the left after the post office. 我们家是邮局过后靠左第一家。
The attack on the village lasted all night. 对该村庄的进攻持续了一整夜。
I wish you wouldn't sneak up on me like that! 我希望你不要那样蹑手蹑脚地靠近我！
- More examples
- The road is the second on the left past the church.
- His words are an attack on personal liberty.
- Take the first turning on the left.
- They survived the onslaught of bombing on the village.
- We came on them in the wood.
(RELATING)
B1 关于，有关；涉及
relating to
a book on pregnancy 关于妊娠的书
Her talk is on Italian women's literature. 她的论文是关于意大利女性文学的。
The minister has refused to comment on the allegations. 部长拒绝对指控作出评论。
Criticism has no effect on him. 批评对他不起作用。
Do the police have anything on you (= do they have any information about you that can be used against you)? 警方有没有抓住你什么把柄？
- More examples
- He gave me a book on gardening for my birthday.
- I've got nothing to say on the matter.
- The second round of the quiz was on sport.
- The committee published a hard-hitting report on the bank's management.
- The committee voted on the proposal, and accepted it unanimously.
(MONEY)
A2 付钱买…;在…上（花费）
used to show something for which a payment is made
He spent €180 on a hat. 他花180欧元买了一顶帽子。
I've wasted a lot of money on this car. 我在这辆汽车上浪费了许多钱。
We made a big profit on that deal. 我们在那笔生意上获利颇丰。
How much interest are you paying on the loan? 这笔贷款你要支付多少利息？
- More examples
- He spent all his savings on an expensive car.
- The council has some spare cash that it proposes to spend on public amenities.
- Steven squandered his inheritance on a series of risky business ventures.
- She made a lot of money on the sale of her house.
- They decided to buy the car on credit.
(NECESSARY)
（表示需要或缘由）靠，指望，凭
used to show a person or thing that is necessary for something to happen or that is the origin of something
We're relying on you. 我们要靠你了。
I might come - it depends on Andrew. 我可能会来——这取决于安德鲁。
Most children remain dependent on their parents while they are at university. 大多数孩子上大学期间仍然依赖他们的父母。
His latest movie is based on a fairy tale. 他的新电影是根据一个童话故事改编的。
- More examples
- On what basis did you make your decision?
- The Republicans are relying on their agricultural policies to deliver the farmers' vote.
- The meaning of a sentence often depends on stress and intonation.
- He's either a hero or a villain, depending on your point of view.
- Our success rests on an increase in sales.
(INVOLVEMENT)
（表示牵涉或参与其中）在从事…
used to show when someone is involved or taking part in something
I'm working on a new book. 我正在写一本新书。
"Where had we got up to?" "We were on page 42." “我们进行到哪里了？”“我们讲到第42页了。”
- More examples
- I was on the final page of the book, when the phone rang.
- The athletes are on last lap of the race.
- "Is the shower fixed yet?" "I'm working on it".
- I'm on duty until midnight.
- I was still on my main course when everyone else was ordering dessert.
(FINANCIAL SUPPORT)
以…为生，以…为收入
used to show what is providing financial support or an income
I only have $70 a week to live on at the moment. 目前我每周只靠70美元的收入过活。
He retired on a generous pension from the company. 他退休后靠公司提供的丰厚退休金生活。
UK She's on (= earning) £25,000 a year. 她的年收入为2.5万英镑。
- More examples
- She lived on £100 a week when she was a student.
- Have you got enough to live on?
- He gets by on a very modest salary.
- New employees start on a basic salary of £25,000.
- He's on commission only.
(FOOD/FUEL/DRUG)
B2 （指食物、燃料、药物等）用，吃，喝
used to show something that is used as food, fuel, or a drug
What do mice live on? 老鼠以什么为食？
Does this radio run on batteries? 这台收音机是用电池的吗？
Is he on drugs? 他吸毒吗？
- More examples
- My new car runs on diesel.
- Some calculators run on solar power.
- Does your car run on unleaded petrol?
- The engine runs on high-octane petrol.
- He had converted the motor so that it could run on vegetable oil.
(NEXT TO)
B1 靠近，挨着;沿着;在…旁
next to or along the side of
It's a small town on the Mississippi River. 这是密西西比河上的一座小镇。
Our house was on Sturton Street. 我们的房子在斯特顿大街上。
Strasbourg is on the border of France and Germany. 斯特拉斯堡位于德法边界上。
- More examples
- Negotiations between the two countries are on the brink of collapse.
- A demilitarized zone has been created on the border between the warring countries.
- A new coffee shop is opening on the high street.
- The Aswan High Dam is on the river Nile in Egypt.
- The shop front occupies a very prominent position on the main street.
(MEMBER)
C1 是…的成员；属于…组织
used to show when someone is a member of a group or organization
Have you ever served on a jury? 你参加过陪审团吗？
There are no women on the committee. 该委员会没有女性。
How many people are on your staff? 你有多少职员？
UK She's a researcher on a women's magazine. 她在一家女性杂志做调查员。
- More examples
- He has been rewarded for his 20 years of service with a seat on the board.
- Police officers aren't usually allowed to serve on a jury.
- Being on the committee is one involvement I could do without.
- She is on the school's development committee.
- He was was of the experts on a panel appointed to investigate the accident.
(TOOL)
B1 （指工具、设备或系统）用，凭借
used when referring to a tool, instrument, or system that is used to do something
I do all my household accounts on the computer. 我用电脑来处理全部的家庭账目。
Chris is on drums and Mike's on bass guitar. 克里斯打鼓，迈克弹低音电吉他。
I'm on (= talking on) the phone. 我正在打电话。
(AGAIN)
UK literary（用于表示一再重复）又，再
used to show when something is repeated one or more times
The government suffered defeat on defeat in the local elections. 本届政府在地方选举中一再受挫。
Wave on wave of refugees has crossed the border to escape the fighting. 一批又一批的难民为躲避战争而越过边境。
(COMPARISON)
（用于比较）与…相比
used when making a comparison
That's my final offer, and I can't improve on it. 这是我出的最高价，我不可能再提价了。
The manufacturer has never improved on the earliest model of the car. 制造商从未对最早的车型进行改进。
UK The productivity figures are down/up on last week's. 与上周相比生产率下降／上升了。
(POSSESSION)
C2 [ before pronoun ]随身携带
used to show when someone has something in a pocket or in a bag that they are carrying
Do you have a spare pen on you? 你身上有没有多余的笔？
I don't have my driving licence on me. 我没有带驾驶执照。
(AFTER)
在…后;由于
happening after and usually because of
Acting on information given to them anonymously, the police arrested him. 警方根据匿名者提供的消息采取行动，逮捕了他。
He inherited a quarter of a million pounds on his mother's death. 他母亲死后他继承了25万英镑。
On their return they discovered that their house had been broken into. 他们回来后发现家里被盗。
(PAYMENT)
informal由…支付
used to show who is paying for something
Dinner meal is on me. 这顿饭我付钱。
She had her operation done on the National Health Service. 她享受国民医疗保健制度免费做了手术。
(FAULTY)
（表示运转出故障时受影响的人）
used to show who suffers when something does not operate as it should
The phone suddenly went dead on me. 我正在打电话，电话突然断了。
Their car broke down on them on the way home. 他们的汽车在回家的途中抛锚了。
(POINTS)
UK（竞赛中）得…分
used to show the number of points a person or team has in a competition
Clive's team is on five points while Joan's is on seven. 克莱夫所在队得5分，琼所在队得7分。
Idioms
on itidiom mainly US informal正在做需要做的事，正在试图解决问题
doing something that needs to be done, or trying to solve a problem
"We need help with web design." "Don't worry, I'm on it." “我们在网页设计方面需要帮助。”“别担心，我来处理。”
on the goidiom 忙个不停的，特别忙的
very busy
I've been on the go all day, and I'm really tired. 我一整天都忙个不停，真的很累。
UK正在生产中，处于生产过程中
in the process of being produced
Did you know that she's got a new book on the go (= being written)? 你知道她正在写一本新书吗？
be on sbidiom mainly US informal 用于表述负责某事的某人
used when saying who is responsible for something
If he doesn't like it, then it's on him to change it. 如果他不喜欢，那么他有责任来改变它。
"It's too much." "That's on you. I offered to help but you said no." “这太过分了。”“这是你的责任。我曾想帮忙，但你拒绝了。”
on
adverb uk/ɒn/ us/ɑːn/
(CONNECTED)
A2 穿着…地，带着…地
on your body or someone's body
It's very cold so put a coat on. 天很冷，穿上大衣吧。
She wanders around the house with nothing on. 她光着身体在房子里四处走动。
Can you remember what he had on (= was wearing)? 你记得他穿什么衣服吗？
I tried on a few jackets, but none of them looked nice. 我试了好几件夹克衫，可是都不好看。
盖上…地； 连上…地
covering the surface of something or connected to something
Screw the lid on tightly. 把盖子紧紧地拧上。
Surgeons managed to sew the finger back on. 外科医生成功地把手指接回去了。
- More examples
- She had on an orange skirt and pink tights.
- Put your pyjamas on now, please.
- I don't have any shoes on.
- The cover was on the swimming pool at the time.
- The bottle didn't have a lid on.
(OPERATING)
B2 开着；在工作中；开始运行
used to show when something is operating or starting to operate
Could you switch on the radio? 你能把收音机打开吗？
Would you turn the TV on? 请打开电视机好吗？
You left the bedroom light on. 你忘了关卧室的灯了。
- More examples
- Don't forget to switch the boiler on when you arrive.
- The lights are on, someone must be in.
- You always leave the TV on when you go out!
- Why hasn't the air conditioning come on?
- Turn the power on by flicking this switch.
(NOT STOPPING)
继续下去；不停地
continuing or not stopping
If her phone's busy, keep on trying. 如果她的电话占线，继续打。
Stop talking and get on with your work. 别说话了，继续干你们的活。
If Elise would just hang on (= wait) a little longer she'd definitely get the promotion. 要是埃莉斯愿意再多坚持一下，她肯定会得到提升的。
The noise just went on and on (= continued for a long time), and I thought it would never stop. 噪音一直响个不停，我想它永远也不会停的。
- More examples
- I keep on thinking I've seen her before somewhere.
- Hang on a minute - I'll be with you in a moment!
- I'll leave you to get on then, shall I?
- The instructor went on and on about the importance of safety.
- She keeps going on about how tired she is.
(TRAVEL)
B1 上（公交车、火车、飞机等旅行交通工具）
into a bus, train, plane, etc., or in the correct position to start using some other method of travelling
The train suddenly started moving as I was getting on. 我上车的时候火车突然开动了。
Her horse galloped off as soon as she was on. 她刚一上马，马就飞奔起来。
(PERFORMING)
C2 上场表演;在演出
performing
Hurry up with the make-up - I'm on in ten minutes. 赶快化妆——我10分钟后上场。
The audience cheered as the band came on (= came onto the stage). 乐队上台的时候，观众们欢呼起来。
- More examples
- The orchestra came on to a warm round of applause.
- What time are you due on?
- The lights dimmed as the band came on.
- His job is to warm the audience up before the main act comes on.
- The headline act is due on at ten o'clock.
(MOVING FORWARD)
B2 向前，前进地
continuing forward in time or space
They never spoke to each other from that day on (= after that day). 从那天起他们彼此之间再没讲过话。
What are you doing later on? 你过一会儿要做什么？
When you're done with it, would you pass it on to Paul? 你看完后把它传给保罗好吗？
UK Move on, please, and let the ambulance through. 请往前挪一下，让救护车过去。
UK You cycle on and I'll meet you there. 你骑车向前走，我在那儿和你会面。
- More examples
- Keep your ticket - you'll need it later on.
- Genes are the instructions by which parents' characteristics are passed on to their children.
- I hear you've moved on to higher things.
- You go on, I'll catch you up.
- We drove on through a barren, rocky landscape.
(HAPPENING)
B2 正在发生；根据预先计划
happening or planned
Is the party still on for tomorrow? 明天聚会仍然举行吗？
I'm busy tomorrow, but I've got nothing on the day after. 我明天很忙，不过后天没什么事。
I've got a lot on at the moment. 我这会儿事情很多。
Food had to be rationed when the war was on. 战时食物必须实行定量配给。
Are there any good movies on (= being shown) this week? 这周电影院有什么好电影吗？
- More examples
- Is there anything good on at the theatre at the moment?
- It's worth checking to see if the match is still on.
- Having found a replacement venue, the concert is now back on.
- Check the website to see what's on.
- Are we still on for a game of tennis this afternoon?
(POSITION)
（用于表示相对位置）
used when talking about the position of one thing compared with the position of another
It's amazing nobody was injured because the two buses crashed head on (= the front parts of the buses hit each other). 令人惊讶的是两辆车正面相撞，居然没有一个人受伤。
UK The bike hit our car side on (= hit the side of the car rather than the front or back). 自行车撞到了我们车的侧面。
UK It would be easier to get the bookcase through the doorway if we turned it sideways on (= turned it so that one of its sides is at the front). 如果我们把书柜侧过来，通过门道就比较容易了。
Idioms
be not onidiom UK （表示不能接受、不应该发生）不行，行不通
Something that is not on is unacceptable and should not happen.
You can't be expected to work for nothing - it's not on. 不会有人想让你白干的——那可没门儿。
be on aboutidiom UK informal （通常指气愤地质问）是什么意思
If you ask someone what they are on about, you are asking that person, often in a slightly annoyed way, what they mean.
I dunno what you're on about. 我不知道你是什么意思。
be/go on at someoneidiom UK 一再催促（某人）;向（某人）唠叨
to complain to someone again and again about their behaviour or to ask them to do something
My parents are always on at us about having a baby. 我父母老是催我们要孩子。
She's been on at me to get my hair cut. 她唠叨着催我去理发。
on and offidiom (also off and on)C1 时断时续地;间歇地
If something happens on and off during a period of time, it happens sometimes.
I've had toothache on and off for a couple of months. 我的牙断断续续疼了几个月。
you're on!idiom informal （表示赞同）好！行！
used as a way of expressing agreement to something happening
"I'll give you £50 for your bike." "You're on!" “我出50英磅买你的自行车。”“成交！”