to
preposition ukstrong /tuː/ weak /tʊ/ weak /tu/ weak /tə/ usstrong /tuː/ weak /tə/ weak /t̬ə/ weak /tu/
(INFINITIVE)
A1 （用于动词前，表示不定式）
used before a verb to show that it is in the infinitive
A1 （用于某些动词后，尤其是不定式所描述的动作将会随后发生时）
used after some verbs, especially when the action described in the infinitive will happen later
She agreed to help. 她答应帮忙。
I'll have to tell him. 我得告诉他。
Sadly, she didn't live to see her grandchildren. 令人伤心的是，她没有活到孙辈出生的那一天。
A1 （用于许多表示赞成、需要和想要的动词后）
used after many verbs of agreeing, needing, and wanting
I need to eat something first. 我首先得吃点东西。
I'd love to live in New York. 我想要住在纽约。
That child ought to be in bed. 那个孩子应该上床睡觉。
A2 （用于代替动词分句，以免重复）
used instead of repeating a verb clause
"Are you going tonight?" "I'm certainly hoping to." “你今晚要走吗？”“我当然希望走。”
A1 （用于表示间接命令、要求的短语中）
used in phrases where there are reported orders and requests
He told me to wait. 他叫我等。
Did anyone ask Daniel to reserve the room? 有人要丹尼尔订房间了吗？
A1 （用于某些形容词后）
used after some adjectives
It's not likely to happen. 这事不大可能发生。
Three months is too long to wait. 等3个月太久了。
She's not strong enough to go hiking up mountains. 她身体不够壮，登不上山。
（用于某些名词后）
used after some nouns
He has this enviable ability to ignore everything that's unpleasant in life. 他有这种令人羡慕的本事，能够不去理睬生活中的种种不快。
This will be my second attempt to make flaky pastry. 这将是我第二次尝试制作薄馅饼皮。
（含有带 to 的不定式的分句可用作句子主语）
A clause containing to + infinitive can be used as the subject of a sentence
To go overseas on your own is very brave. 只身去国外，真勇敢。
My plan was to get it all arranged before I told anyone. 我的计划是先把一切都安排好再告诉别人。
A1 （用于疑问词后）
used after question words
I don't know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。
Can you tell me how to get there? 你能告诉我怎样去那儿吗？
A2 （与不定式连用，表示用途或目的）
used with an infinitive to express use or purpose
I'm going there to see my sister. 我要去那儿看望我的姐姐。
This tool is used to make holes in leather. 这个工具是用来在皮革上打眼的。
To make this cake, you'll need two eggs, 175 grams of sugar, and 175 grams of flour. 做这个蛋糕，你需要两个鸡蛋、175克糖和175克面粉。
He works to get paid, not because he enjoys it. 他工作是为了挣钱，而不是因为喜欢工作。
（含有带 to 的不定式的短语可引出分句）
You can introduce a clause with a phrase containing to + infinitive
To be honest (= speaking honestly), Becky, I like thegrey shirt better. 说实话，贝姬，我更喜欢那件灰色的衬衫。
To tell you the truth, I never really liked the man. 坦率地跟你说，我从未真正地喜欢过这个男人。
A1 （与不定式连用，用于 there be + 名词这种结构后）
used with an infinitive after 'there is' or 'there are' and a noun
There's an awful lot of work to be done. 有许许多多的工作要做。
to be going on withUK 为了继续做下去
To be going on with means in order to continue with the present activity or situation
Do we have enough paint to be going on with, or should I get some more while I'm out? 继续下去我们的油漆够用吗，我是不是该外出时再买一些？
- More examples
- This meat is difficult to chew.
- On a hot day it's lovely to hear the chink of ice in a glass.
- I'd prefer not to work but I don't have much choice .
- It's impossible to park in the city centre.
- There was a clap of thunder and then it started to pour with rain.
(SHOWING DIRECTION)
A1 朝，向，往，对着
in the direction of
We're going to town on the bus, okay? 我们坐公共汽车去城里，好吗？
We went to Prague last year. 我们去年去了布拉格。
I asked someone the way to the town centre. 我向人问了去市中心的路。
You can walk from here to the school in under ten minutes. 你可以从这儿走到学校，用不了10分钟。
I asked Kirsten and Kai to dinner (= invited them to come and eat dinner with me) next week. 我邀请了柯尔斯滕和卡伊下星期来吃饭。
We received another invitation to a wedding this morning. 今天上午我们又收到了一份参加婚礼的请柬。
I had my back to them, so I couldn't see what they were doing. 我背对着他们，所以看不见他们在做什么。
She walked over to the window. 她走到窗边来。
He went up to a complete stranger and started talking. 他走到一个完全陌生的人跟前，开始和对方交谈起来。
UK You've got your sweater on back to front (= with the back of the sweater on the chest). 你的毛衣前后穿反了。
- More examples
- She goes to her doctor for regular check-ups.
- She gave a cheesy grin to the cameras.
- Take your purchases to the sales desk, and the assistant will wrap them for you.
- When we retire, we're going to move to a warmer climate.
- We're going to the airport by coach.
(RECEIVING)
A2 （表示动作的对象）对，给
used for showing who receives something or who experiences an action
I lent my bike to my brother. 我把自行车借给了我哥哥。
I told that to Alex and he just laughed. 我把那件事告诉了阿历克斯，他笑了。
Who's the letter addressed to? 这封信是寄给谁的？
A2 （与许多可接双宾语的动词连用，用于间接宾语前）
With many verbs that have two objects, 'to' can be used before the indirect object
Give me that gun./Give that gun to me. 给我那把枪／把那把枪给我。
- More examples
- Who should I make out this cheque to ?
- When you've finished your work sheets, clip them together and hand them in to me.
- He's a great comfort to his mother.
- Has the news been communicated to the staff yet?
- If the service was so bad why didn't you complain to the manager?
(UNTIL)
B1 距;到;至
until a particular time, state, or level is reached
It's only two weeks to Christmas. 离圣诞节只有两星期了。
Unemployment has risen to almost eight million. 失业人数已经上升到了差不多800万。
He drank himself to death. 他酗酒而死。
She nursed me back to health. 她护理我直到康复。
A1 （表示时间）在…之前;距;差
used when saying the time, to mean before the stated hour
It's twenty to six. 差20分到6点。
- More examples
- Cheap rate for overseas phone calls is from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m.
- The Spanish Civil War lasted from 1936 to 1939.
- My daughter cried herself to sleep about it for about a week.
- Molly studied music to grade 7, I think it was.
- The whole course was a disaster from start to finish.
(EXTREME)
（表示极端的状态）
used to suggest an extreme state
Look at your shirt - it's torn to shreds! 看看你的衬衫——都成碎片了！
She was thrilled to bits. 她激动得不行。
I was bored to tears. 我感到无聊极了。
(CONNECTION)
B1 与…相关
in connection with
What was their response to your query? 他们对你的询问作何反应？
She was so mean to me. 她对我很粗暴。
There's a funny side to everything. 任何事物都有其滑稽的一面。
B1 （用于表示被系住或连接的地方）
used to say where something is fastened or connected
The paper was stuck to the wall with tape. 纸张被用胶带贴在了墙上。
A fast rail service connects us to the city. 快速铁路把我们和城市连接了起来。
- More examples
- She has no rightful claim to the title.
- Like so many men, he has problems committing himself to a relationship.
- She is known chiefly for her commitment to nuclear disarmament.
- The public's response to the crisis appeal was generous and compassionate.
- They planned to put up a statue to the president.
(FUTURE)
（用于不定式前，通常和 be 连用，构成将来时）
used before an infinitive, usually with 'be', to indicate a future action
The government announced today that it is to cut funding for the arts for next year. 今天政府宣布明年要削减对艺术的资助。
See also: to-be
mainly UK（表示命令或指出某人应该做什么）
used in this pattern to say what someone should do or to give an order
You're not to (= you must not) bite your nails like that. 你不准那样咬指甲。
（报纸标题中常用 to + 不定式这种结构，前面不加 be，表示未来计划中的事）
Newspapers often use to + infinitive without 'be' in their headlines (= titles of articles) when reporting planned future events
Russia to send troops in. 俄罗斯即将派兵。
- More examples
- We are to leave tomorrow at dawn.
- You are to go to your room immediately.
- If he is to pass the exam, he must do more work.
- Troops are to take over the role of the fire brigade.
- He said we were not to leave the room.
(CAUSING)
C2 令（某人）感到…
causing a particular feeling in a particular person
That's when I found out, to my amazement, that she was coming here. 令我惊讶的是，那时候我得知她正要到这里来。
- More examples
- To their great surprise, they all passed the exam.
- I learned, to my annoyance, that he had already left.
- To my complete horror, the car turned right over.
- To my despair, I saw that the water was rising.
(CONSIDERED BY)
对…而言;在…看来
considered by
I realize it may sound strange to you. 我意识到对你而言这听上去可能很奇怪。
I mean, £50 is nothing to him (= he would not consider it a large amount). 我的意思是，50英镑对他而言算不了什么。
informal "I hear you've been going out with Ella." "Yeah, so? What's it to you?" (= It should not interest you, and you have no right to ask about it.) “我听说你在和艾拉谈恋爱。”“哟，这和你有什么关系？”
- More examples
- Our house must seem luxurious to them.
- Loyalty doesn't mean anything to them.
- It seemed odd to me that they didn't want to come to London.
- Our customs probably seem funny to them.
(SERVING)
B1 为…效力，为…服务
serving
As a personal trainer to the rich and famous, he earns over a million dollars a year. 他做富人和名流的私人教练一年挣100多万美元。
- More examples
- He was footman to the king.
- He was doctor to the poor.
- She was maid to a rich family in London.
(AGAINST)
靠着;顶着;非常接近
against or very near
Stand back to back. 背靠背站着。
They were dancing cheek to cheek. 他们在跳贴面舞。
- More examples
- Their faces were nose to nose, scowling at each other.
- The children stood back to back to see who was tallest.
- He was standing, hand to mouth in horror.
(BELONGING)
与…相配;属于
matching or belonging to
My dad gave me the keys to his car. 爸爸把他的车钥匙给了我。
I've lost the trousers to this jacket. 我把和这件夹克相配的裤子弄丢了。
有…的特征
having as a characteristic feature
She has a mean side to her. 她性格中有刻薄的一面。
There is a very moral tone to this book. 这本书很有道德教育的意味。
- More examples
- Is there a cover to this book?
- There is a softer side to her nature.
- I gave her the password to my computer.
(SHOWING POSITION)
B1 （表示相对位置）
used to show the position of something or someone in comparison with something or someone else
John's standing to the left of Adrian in the photo. 照片中约翰站在阿德里安的左边。
The Yorkshire Dales are twenty miles to the north of the city. 约克郡山谷位于这个城市以北20英里处。
(IN HONOUR OF)
为向…表示敬意;为了纪念
in honour or memory of
I proposed a toast to the bride and the groom. 我提议为新娘新郎干杯。
The record is dedicated to her mother, who died recently. 这张唱片是献给她不久前去世的母亲的。
- More examples
- The book is dedicated to her son.
- I'd like to dedicate the movie to the memory of my father.
(FOR EACH)
每
for each
How many dollars are there to the pound? 1英镑等于多少美元？
This car does about 40 miles to the gallon. 这辆车每加仑汽油可行驶大约40英里。
When we go swimming together I do six lengths to her twelve. 如果我们一起去游泳，她每游12个来回而我只能游6个。
Compare: per
- More examples
- How many euros are there to the pound?
- There are three children to each teacher.
(BETWEEN)
B2 （用于短语中，表示范围）
used in phrases that show a range
There were probably 30 to 35 (= a number between 30 and 35) people there. 那儿可能有30到35个人。
- More examples
- The police are expecting four to five thousand marchers tomorrow.
- We have allowed two to four drinks per person.
(AT THE SAME TIME AS)
与（音乐或其他声音）同时，伴随
at the same time as music or other sound
I like exercising to music. 我喜欢跟着音乐做运动。
He left the stage to the sound of booing. 他在一片嘘声中离开了舞台。
(POSITIVE)
适合，符合;利于
relating to a positive reaction or result
When the pasta is done to your liking, drain the water. 把意大利面煮到你认为合适的程度时，倒掉水。
I think being at the meeting would be to your advantage. 我认为出席会议会对你有利。
(COMPARED WITH)
B1 UK与…相比
compared with
She's earning a reasonable wage, but nothing to what she could if she was in the private sector. 她的收入还可以，但如果她在私营企业工作收入会高得多。
Paul beat me by three games to two (= he won three and I won two). 保罗以3比2打败了我。
He was old enough to be her father - she looked about 30 to his 60. 他老得可以当她的爸爸——她看上去约30岁，而他有60岁。
- More examples
- I live to the north of Warsaw.
- I weigh ten stone to his eight.
- She thinks her house is great, but it's nothing to where I live.
to
adverb uk/tuː/ us/tuː/
mainly UK关着地
into a closed position
I'll just push the door to. 我只是要把门推上。