shall
modal verb ukstrong /ʃæl/ weak /ʃəl/ usstrong /ʃæl/ weak /ʃəl/
(FUTURE)
B1 old-fashioned（用于在主语为 I 或 we 时替代 will）
used instead of "will" when the subject is "I" or "we"
If you do that one more time, I shall be very angry. 如果你再那么做，我就要生气了。
I shall never forget you. 我永远不会忘记你。
I'm afraid I shall not/shan't be able to come to your party. 恐怕我不能参加你的聚会了。
formal I shall look forward to meeting you next week. 我盼望着下星期见到你。
So we'll see you at the weekend, shall we (= is that right)? 那么我们周末会见到你，是吗？
We shall (= intend to) let you know as soon as there's any news. 一有消息，我们就告诉你。
- More examples
- Unless the money is returned, we shall shortly be contacting our legal department.
- I can't afford a lawyer so I shall defend myself.
- I did meet him once and it was an experience I shall never forget.
- I shall list my objections to the plan in ascending order of importance.
- When we receive your instructions we shall act accordingly.
(SUGGEST)
A2 formal in US（与 I 或 we 连用，表示建议）
used, with "I" or "we", to make a suggestion
"I'm cold." "Shall I close this window?" “我觉得冷。”“要我把这扇窗户关上吗？”
Shall we go out for dinner tonight? 我们今晚出去吃饭好吗？
Shall I call him tomorrow? 我明天给他打电话好吗？
- More examples
- Are you comfortable or shall I turn the heat down?
- "So we'll meet at 5.30, shall we?" "Agreed ."
- I'll leave you to get on then, shall I?
- Since it's such a nice day, shall we eat outside?
- What about Lola - shall we invite her?
(CERTAINLY WILL)
formal or old-fashioned（表示某事肯定或必须发生，或表示决心）
used to say that something certainly will or must happen, or that you are determined that something will happen
Don't worry, I shall be there to meet the train. 别担心，我会去火车站接你。
The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult. 学校的纪律规定，除非有大人陪同，小孩白天不得离开学校。
You shall go to the ball, Cinderella. 你一定要去参加舞会，灰姑娘。
- More examples
- Don't worry - I shall make sure he comes!
- I shall make sure she knows.
- Very well then, I shall do it myself!
- If he won't do it, I shall do it and then there'll be trouble!
- I shall speak to her later.